Basic Math Formulas for O and A level

                                PROFIT & LOSS – KEY FORMULAS

BASIC TERMS

Cost Price (CP) Price at which an article is bought

Selling Price (SP) Price at which an article is sold

 PROFIT & LOSS

                 Profit = SP – CP

                                SP > CP

                 Loss = CP – SP

                               CP > SP

 PROFIT & LOSS PERCENTAGE

           Profit % =  x 100

            Loss % =  × 100

SELLING PRICE FORMULAS

For Profit

SP = CP  )

For Loss

SP = CP )

 COST PRICE FORMULAS

For Profit

         CP =     

For Loss

          CP =   

QUICK TIPS

           Profit is always calculated on CP

           Loss % is also calculated on CP

DISCOUNT – IMPORTANT FORMULAS & TRICKS

BASIC TERMS

Marked Price (MP)  Price written on the article

Discount  Reduction in MP

Selling Price (SP)  Price after discount

DISCOUNT FORMULAS

Discount = MP  SP

DISCOUNT PERCENTAGE

Discount % =  × 100

SELLING PRICE FORMULA

SP = MP ()

MARKED PRICE FORMULA

MP =

SUCCESSIVE DISCOUNT

 Net Discount % = a+b

QUICK TIPS

 Discount is always calculated on MP

 Higher discount  lower SP

RATIO & PROPORTION – KEY FORMULAS

RATIO

Ratio = a : b

a : b = a/b

PROPORTION

a : b : : c : d

a/b = c/d

ad = bc

TYPES OF PROPORTION

Direct Proportion  ab

Inverse Proportion  a

IMPORTANT FORMULAS

If       xy = 

If      xx₁ y₁₌ x₂ y₂

PARTNERSHIP RULE

Share  (Investment x Time)

QUICK TIPS

          Increase both termsratio unchanged

          Reduce ratio divide by HCF